≈ Glimpses of different oceanic features as observed from EOS-06 / OCM-3 ≈
Algal Blooms
Sediment Plumes
Algal Blooms
Sediment Plumes
Algal Blooms
Sediment Plumes
Algal Blooms
Algal Blooms
Natural Color Composite, Algal Blooms
Frozen Ice

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics Over the Arabian Sea using EOS-06 OCM3

2024
2025
2026

EOS-06 OCM-3 observations reveal a distinct seasonal evolution, intensification and spatial migration of the winter phytoplankton bloom over the Arabian Sea, with bloom initiation occurring in January. The bloom progressively intensifies and expands during February–April, extending from the northern Arabian Sea towards the central and southern regions, approximately from 25°N to 10°N. During this period, pronounced mesoscale eddies, with spatial scales of ~100–200 km, are evident and appear to play an important role in modulating bloom distribution through mesoscale transport, vertical nutrient supply and associated physical–biological interactions. From May onwards, the bloom gradually weakens over the Arabian Sea, while the residual high-chlorophyll waters progressively retreat towards the northern Arabian Sea and subsequently extend into the Persian Gulf by late May to mid-June. The high-temporal-resolution OCM-3 observations provide an excellent framework for resolving the initiation, progression, intensification, peak, recession and spatial migration of the winter bloom and for investigating its coupling with mesoscale circulation, nutrient dynamics, atmospheric forcing and seasonal oceanographic variability.

ENSO 2026

Chlorophyll & Surface Winds variability over the Pacific Ocean during ENSO, 2026

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Climate Stories

LONG-TERM MONITORING OF NEAR-SURFACE CO2 LEVELS


Mean Monthly Cycle of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration at Shadnagar, India (2013-2026)


Long-term monitoring of near-surface CO2 at Shadnagar, India, provides valuable insights into changes in atmospheric composition and the regional carbon cycle. Observations from July 2013 to August 2026 show a clear and statistically significant increasing trend of 2.56 ± 0.27 ppm yr⁻¹, with an overall mean concentration of 414.42 ± 15.96 ppm. The record also reveals a pronounced seasonal cycle, with CO2 concentrations generally highest during April–May and lowest during July–September. These variations reflect the combined influence of vegetation uptake, respiration, atmospheric transport, and regional emission sources. The long-term dataset provides an important reference for carbon-cycle studies, satellite validation, atmospheric modelling, and climate assessment, supporting informed climate action and SDG 13. Read More..

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Latest Highlights

Oceansat-3 data availability in the IOCCG Aug 2026 Bulletin. Read more..

NICES CORAL Facility Inaugural at CSBoB, Andhra University. More..

Earth & Climate Sciences Area (ECSA), NRSC conducted NICES workshop during 27-28 January 2026. More..

Surface Current Diagnostics in the Western Bay of Bengal Using HF Radar, Satellite, and Model Data More..

The rising threat of lightning in India: mortality and diurnal patterns (2002–2022). More..

Characteristics and climate driver of the greenness trends of the Indian ecosystem during 2001–2022. More..

Atmospheric Aridity Perturbs Critical Soil Moisture Thresholds of Plant Water Stress over Indian Biomes Visit..

A short course on “Satellite Remote Sensing for Ocean Applications (SRSOA)” under CSSTEAP conducted during 27 Oct 2025 to 07 Nov 2025. More..

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About

NICES is a multi-institutional venture with participation of ISRO/DOS centres and other Departments and national Institutions under various Ministries which will help to strengthen the information base with contributions (in-situ observational and model outputs) from the participating organisations. NICES has been functioning under the guidance of NICES-Programme Management Council (PMC) with a composition of members from inter and intra-departmental institutions under the Chairmanship of Director, NRSC.

NICES envisages realisation of national level climate database generation, derived from Indian and other Earth Observation satellites from polar and geostationary missions for climate change impact assessment and mitigation.

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What We Do

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Ocean dynamics products, Chlorophyll Concentration, Ocean Color etc. at different scales. More..

Atmospheric Processes monitoring and modelling. More..

Land Use, Soil moisture etc. as ready to use product. More..

Snow fraction datasets. More..

A dedicated atmospheric research laboratory and suite of field instruments to study climate parameters. Know More..

Various awareness program for Students/Professionals/Scientific community. More..

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Collaborations

Extreme Rainfall Prediction and CO2 Source-Sink Assessment

NRSC-ISRO & IISc Collaboration on Extreme Rainfall Prediction and CO2 Source-Sink Assessment

Estimation of CO2 fluxes in the shaded coffee ecosystem region of Karnataka

Collaboration with Central Coffee Research Institute for the Carbon Flux Studies with Eddy Covariance in the shaded coffee ecosystem region of Karnataka

Monitoring and assessment of Air Pollution (MAAP) using IOT sensors

A prototype solution to monitor the air quality on CO, PM2.5 and PM10 using cost effective IoT sensors is developed and demonstrated at “Smart City Hackathon 2018"

Study of Atmospheric and Soil Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Temperate Mountainous Ecosystem of Western Ghats

Continuous CO2 flux information to study the carbon net-energy in the temperate ecosystem is being generated using an eddy covariance flux tower.

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Publications

Unravelling the Interannual Changes in the Decade Observations of GHGs as Climate Indicators

Interannual variations of CO2 and CH4 for a decade between the years 2013 and 2022 over the suburban city of Shadnagar, near Hyderabad, India is reported here. Know More..

Wind power potential over India using ERA5 reanalysis

In this study, we estimate wind power potential at 100 m level over the Indian domain using data from the ERA5 reanalysis for 1979–2018 through the Weibull mixture distribution. Visit

Deciphering the Signatures of Oceanic Convective Rain Cells

In this paper, we have used C-band SAR images and near-simultaneous observations from the global precipitation measurements (GPM) to study the signatures of multiple convective rain cells. Read More..

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